Character Analysis of Alexander the Great - 2170 Words

History has asked us to study and interpret past events and from that research we should learn from the mistakes of man or use the knowledge to improve our current lives. Throughout the study of history we have hard evidence and we also get folklore, or tales of events that represent that of a game of telephone. The ultimate goal of a historian is to accurately depict events and translate them as they occurred. With modern news and technology our future descendents of this planet will have no problem gaining a vast understanding of how we lived and the historic events that took place. This however is not true of past and present historian’s analysis of one of the greatest leaders in the history of the ancient world. Alexander, son of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Aristotle saw them as barbarians, while Alexander sought to unite the Macedonians and foreigners† (Nosotro 2). Alexander also had many friends that he held for his life, the most important of which was He phaestion. They became friends in childhood and remained that way until Hephaestion’s death shortly before Alexander’s own fate. â€Å"During life the two had portrayed themselves as Achilles (Alexander) and Patrochus (Hephaestion), and it was generally accepted that this was a genuine and deeply-felt friendship† (Borgia 2). We know of this as after the death of Hephaestion, Alexander became depressed and mad with grief for months. To get a better idea of how Alexander matured at a young age into one of the history’s greatest conquerors we must also look at his parents. â€Å"Philip was ruthless and tough and extremely successful in his undertakings. Some suggest that his great success left Alexander with a need to do even greater things just to prove his self worth† (Borgia 2). There seemed to be a distance between father and son and it is documented that Alexander had a better relationship with his mother, Olympias. The blame for this could be th at Philip had more than six wives but the biggest issue he took with his father was the marrying of Cleopatra. â€Å"At the age of 19†¦Taking his mother’s side, Alexander fell into a heated quarrel with his father and ran away to another section of the kingdom† (Nosotro 2). It is not proven but shortly after Philip isShow MoreRelatedA Quantitative Style Analysis About Different English Translations Of The Captains Daughter By Alexander Pushkin1176 Words   |  5 PagesQiuying Jiang 11/03/2017 Programming for Cultural Data Analysis - Proposal A Quantitative Style Analysis about Different English Translations of the Captain’s Daughter by Alexander Pushkin Data Set The data set includes three English translations of The Captain’s Daughter (Alexander Pushkin, 1836) from Ekaterina Telfer, T. Keane and Milne Home respectively. The translation of Milne Home is downloaded from Gutenberg which is an open access project that offers free eBooks to public. The other translationsRead MoreThe Alliance Between Alexander s King Porus1011 Words   |  5 Pagesan alliance with Alexander would in return save his territory and also help him acquire Porus’s territory i.e Kaikay, after Alexander defeats King Porus. Though as a prince he had no authority to do so without King Gandharaj’s permission. Ambhi had knowledge of this fact that his father King Gandharaj will never permit him to form an alliance with a foreign King; hence, Ambhi killed his father while he was asleep and ascended the throne of Gandhar. This was a very first step taken by Ambhi towardsRead MoreAlexander The Greats Influence On The World1431 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander the Great Occasionally history shows that the world does not have many people that could be entered in the history. And Alexander the Great was one of these people. During his childhood Alexander had great teachers who taught him how to use and how to choose great politics, diplomacy and, how to win the war if that day would come. For many years Alexander the Great studied how to control everything and how to be ready to do anything that might be needed. At the age of sixteen he had toRead MoreThe Military Leadership By John Keegan1443 Words   |  6 Pagesleadership of Alexander the Great, ï ¿ ½non-heroicï ¿ ½ examples of Duke of Wellington and US Grant, and a ï ¿ ½pseudo-heroicï ¿ ½ dictact of Adolph Hitler. John Keegan has done an admirable job in unmasking the great military leaders throughout the ages. His book concentrates on four major figures: Alexander, Wellington, Grant, and Hitler. Without prejudice and with a keen eye on objectivity, he rates all four men in the most thorough manner. MASK analyzes and contrasts the military leadership of four men: Alexander, WellingtonRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare1456 Words   |  6 Pagesprotagonists, character personality through the use of imagery and symbols. First Shakespeare uses decay and corruption as one of the many types of imagery used in the play. Secondly he uses the idea of appearance vs reality frequently throughout the play as both symbolism and imagery. Thirdly he uses the representation of people who have passed on as symbols. To sum it up Shakespeare uses decay/corruption, appearance vs. reality and the deceased to illustrate that Hamlets character has depthRead MoreThe Night Circus, Summary And Analysis Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesCircus† Summary Analysis Summary â€Å"The Night Circus† by Erin Morgenstern is a compelling tale of two people raised to be opponents in a to-the-death mercurial battle who fall in love amidst their unique circumstances. It begins when five-year-old Celia’s mother commits suicide and she is passed on to her father, Hector Bowen, a performing magician with very real abilities. Bowen notices that his daughter has great potential in the magical arts and calls his friend and rival, Alexander, to a dual betweenRead MoreThe Breakdown Of The New Jim Crow Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussing Michelle Alexander s The New Jim Crow, a nonfiction book that argues that Jim Crow has reemerged in the mass incarceration of black people in America. Originally, the name for this era we know as Jim Crow was inspired by a racist character played by Thomas Dartmouth Daddy Rice. During the 1800s, Rice would dress in blackface and perform a song titled Jump Jim Crow. (Bart-Planged) A decade or so after slavery was a bolished in 1865, the name of this belligerent character was used to labelRead MoreScript Analysis of Oedipus the King Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesScript Analysis of Oedipus Rex The complete fate of Oedipus Rex, is foreshadowed by Teiresias, the prophet in Scene II: But it will soon be shown that he is a Theban, A revelation that will fail to please. A blind man, Who has his eyes now; a penniless man, who is rich now; And he will go tapping the strange earth with his staff To the children with whom he lives now he will be Brother and father- the very same; to her Who bore him, son and husband- the very same Who came to hisRead MoreThe Transformation of a Woman - Ibsens a Dolls House1437 Words   |  6 PagesThe Transformation of a Woman In Henrik Ibsen’s play, A Doll’s House, the character of Nora Helmer is a woman who undergoes a profound life revelation that results in her becoming a woman with a belief structure and understanding of self that is far ahead of her time. At the beginning of the play, Nora thinks as a woman of her era; her identity is formed as her father’s daughter and continued as a wife to Torvald Helmer. At the end of the play Nora â€Å"discovers her individuality then walksRead MoreCritical Analysis of Power, Ambition, Glory Essay examples1516 Words   |  7 PagesSynopsis Power, Ambition, Glory analyzes great leaders in history and links similarities with leaders of today. Great leaders such as Cyrus the Great, Alexander the Great, Hannibal of Carthage, Julius Caesar and Augustus bear a striking resemblance to characteristics that we see from current business leaders. The historical leader’s leadership style and results that followed give insight into effective management. Cyrus the Great Cyrus the Great saw no boundaries for his conquest. While

The Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln - 2294 Words

As the 16th President of America, Abraham Lincoln made many achievements in restructuring our country. Elected in 1861, Lincoln struggled to keep our nation whole, as state after state seceded from the union. Starting with South Carolina and ending with Tennessee, eleven states separated mainly because of their social and political disagreements regarding slavery. While Lincoln made clear efforts to strengthen the union as a whole during his presidency, some may argue that in doing so, he divided the nation, as well. Lincoln was born in 1809 in Kentucky, but moved several times before settling in Illinois in his 20’s. His mother died when he was only nine years old, leaving him and his sister behind (White, R.C., 2009). His father abandoned them to go find a new wife back in Kentucky. He returned six months later with his new wife, Sarah. Lincoln made an instant connection with his stepmother. She, like Lincoln’s deceased mother, believed that education was of great imp ortance and made the children attend school. This only lasted a few short weeks, but Sarah still supported Lincoln with his scholarly endeavors. Lincoln loved to read and write, so Sarah bought Lincoln the necessary materials for him to continue to strengthen his skills. It was not long before these basic skills developed into his interests in politics and law. He obtained his license to practice in 1836 and soon became a respected lawyer (White, R.C., 2009). Ten years later he took a turn towards politicsShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1958 Words   |  8 PagesLeadership and Legacy: Background Research Paper Abraham Lincoln By:Audrey Knight Introduction Great leader and main topic Abraham Lincoln lived in the 1800’s where he accomplished many things in his 54 years of life. He lived in the U.S. through several major events in history and left a legacy that will never be forgotten. As the 16th president of the United States he brought about the emancipation of slavery, preserved the Union during the Civil War, and served the people. His heroic leadershipRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln933 Words   |  4 PagesSynopsis Regarded as one of the United States of America greatest heroes, Abraham Lincoln is famous for his unique appeal and incredible impact on the nation. He was the United States 16th president. His story is an astounding one rising from a humble background to become the most powerful man the land. However, at the time when his country needed him most, a tragic and sudden death strikes him. He is assassinated. He left a legacy that endured due to his unique humane personality as a leader of the unionRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1217 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln was born in the year 1809 on February 12th in the town of Hardin County, Kentucky to Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. Growing up Lincoln had no proper education, consequently he read books and educated himself. During Lincoln’s young adult years, he worked a various number of jobs as a shopkeeper, surveyor, and a postmaster. In 1832, Lincoln became a captain of the Hawk War against the Native Americans. Shortly a fter the war was over, he began his political career and was elected to theRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln Essay2383 Words   |  10 PagesReport Name Abraham Lincoln paved a path of equality and freedom for slaves and people of the 1800s as well as having a major impact on society and government; Abraham Lincoln s engagement with the public people skyrocketed his career as being a president and a suitable leader to the people of the United States of America. Born on February 12th, 1809 in Hardin County, Kentucky, Abraham Lincoln in his later years would be known as one of the most influential leaders of all time. Abraham Lincoln was bornRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1817 Words   |  8 Pagesmore than any of these other men: Abraham Lincoln, the man who freed the slaves. Abraham Lincoln, born February 12, 1809 in Hodgenville, Kentucky, is widely considered to be one of the greatest presidents to have ever been in office. During the course of his presidency, Lincoln not only lead the Union during the Civil War and tried to unify the nation through a harsh time of crisis, conflict, and bloodshed: through his beliefs, his example and his legacy, Lincoln freed the slaves, gave them the rightRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln Essay2382 Words   |  10 PagesAbraham Lincoln paved a path of equality and freedom for slaves and people of the 1800s as well as having a major impact on society and government; Abraham Lincoln s engagement with the public people skyrocketed his career as being a president and a suitable leader to the people of the United States of America. Born on February 12th, 1809 in Hardin County, Kentucky, Abraham Lincoln in his later years would be known as one of the most influential leaders of all time. Abraham Lincoln was born intoRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1826 Words   |  8 Pages Abraham Lincoln’s victory in the 1860 presidential election, was a beacon of hope for many slaves in America. Becoming the 16th president of the United States serving from 1861 to 1865, Abraham Lincoln is one of America’s most celebrated heroes. Holding office during the years of the American Civil War, Lincoln preserved the Union, while creating a new era that consisted of emancipated African American slaves. After winning a victory at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, he issuedRead MoreLegacy Of Abraham Lincoln s Legacy Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesLegacy Leader: Abraham Lincoln A legacy leader is someone who has left a positive and lasting impression in society due to his or her leadership qualities and/or traits. Abraham Lincoln is a prime example of a legacy leader due to the leadership traits he displayed throughout his presidency. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States. He exhibited great leadership qualities such as integrity, duty, and selfless service. Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and hisRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1500 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln has been studied more than any other in American history. In fact, over 15,000 different books have been written about our 16th president. Throughout the pages of these books, President Lincoln is affectionately referred to by many different names, such as the Railsplitter, Honest Abe, and the Great Emancipator. A vast majority of these written works honor Lincoln as one of our greatest presidents. Not everyone feels that way, however. Charles Adams, in his book, When in the CourseRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1292 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln has been called the greatest president in all of American history. His principles were dedicated to the survival of the United States during one of the most gruesome and bloody wars in the country s history, the American Civil War. During his presidency, he fought for the emancipation of slaves because he believed the institution of slavery was morally unjust. His ideals, which appealed to the founding principles of the country, energized and mobilized the union and kept it alive

Australian Avocados - Aspects Of Globalisation

Question: 1. What new product strategy could australian avocado exporters employ to penetrate the hong kong market? discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our chosen strategy . (which will be beauty and cosmetic products for example hair mask face, body oils? 2. Avocados are an unfamiliar fruit in most asian countries. what are the global trends behind the increasing consumption of avocados in asia? what aspects of globalisation would be influencing this change in consumption of avocados? 3. The "add an avo everyday"communication strategy used in the australian domestic market could be launched in hong kong. identify the cultural characteristics that may influence the success of this strategy .what activities would you recommend importers implement to increase uptake in the retail sector ? Answer: 1. New product promotion The demand for Avocados has been increasing in Hong Kong steadily. Australia is one of the leading companies that produce high quality fruits, which includes Avocados as well. Hong Kong offers a positive prospect for exporting the fruits. Apart from this, the country re-exports the fruit to China. Hong Kong has been importing Avocado from different countries including Mexico. In this case, it is quite important to plan for market capture in Hong Kong. As the demand for the fruit in this country is quite high, the company can create a band image. This will help in increasing the sales for the product which is considered to be quite important for the successful sales. At the time of creating the brand image, it is necessary to analyze the needs of the customers, and create effective strategies through which the sales for the product can be increased. In order to approach maximum number of clients from Hong-Kong the management can adopt product market growth matrix. This would help in v enturing into new market and capturing larger share of the buyers. Retail is one of the best methods that are adopted by the country for making sales. In this process, the company that sells the fruits needs to choose the right retail method. This will help in improving the sales by approaching maximum number of clients from different parts of the country. It is required for gaining the customers, and this is possible by analyzing the level of competition that exists in the company has to analyze the advantage that is associated with the venture in the new market. Apart from this, retailing in Hong Kong is done through different processes that includes Supermarket Hawkers Vendors Departmental stores Food store chains. It is quit important to approach these vendors as it will increase the sales. Besides this, there are many other countries that have been selling the fruit to Hong Kong. This is one of the reasons, the company needs to adopt and implement effective strategies through which the sales can be increased. Promotional activities need to be planned and implemented in the right manner. This has to be done after analyzing the market position of the country. In this process, the changing consumer needs has to be analyzed. This will help in approaching maximum number of clients and convince them about the products that are sold by the company. In this case, the needs and preferences of the consumers have to be analyzed. This will help in approaching maximum number of clients, and convincing them for the purchase of the products that is sold by the company. Apart from this, the company has to ship out fresh products to the customers from Hong Kong. This is one of the most important aspects that need to be considered for marketing. Based on the information that has been collected by the country, it is essential to develop and implement an effective marketing program. This also includes adopting the steps that will be followed for approaching the customers from different part of Hong Kong (Balmer and Gray 2003) 2. Familiarity of Avocados Avocados are one of the leading fruits that are manufactured in Australia. The demand for the product is increasing in Hong Kong and China. This is because; the fruit is used for various purposes. In Australia, the fruit is used while making sandwiches, Mexican dishes, salads, and others. The demand and consumption of the fruit is quite high in Australia. This is one of the reasons the demand for the manufacturing and sales of the product is quite high in the country. As the product awareness is quite less in majority of the Asian countries, a program for improving the understanding level of the fruit has been developed and implemented by the country. The developmental program was created to make people aware of the benefits that were associated with the fruit. This also included analyzing the best possible manner, through which the product awareness can be created for the customers. Such a program will increase the sales margin for the fruits, which will also contribute towards the economic development of the country. At the time of adopting effective promotional activities, it is essential to analyze the positive aspects that would be adopted for increasing the sales for the fruits on a foreign country. Increase in sales will contribute towards the economic development of the country. Australia leads in the manufacturing of the fruit and this is one of the reasons, the country has adopted and implemented an effective strategy for increasing the sales by exporting the fruits to different countries. In this method, the strategies adopted includes - Marketing strategies for making people aware of the product details Explain the benefits of the fruits Analyze the market and adopt the best policies through which the sales can be increased Increase in the sales through exports will contribute towards the economic development of the country. This will contribute towards the development of the farmers who produce the fruit. At the time of exporting fruits to the foreign market, it is necessary to consider the standards that need to be followed for approaching the customers (Gray, 2004). For this, the international standards have to be followed. This is one of the most import factors, and will contribute towards the increase in the exports of the fruits to different counties including Hong Kong. Some of the other factors that needs to considered by the company includes Adopting the best possible strategies for increasing the sales. Analyzing the challenges that an impact the sales of the products New market venture and better sales of the products and services would positively affect the sales of the fruit to the foreign country. In this process, the challenges that are associated with the process of approaching maximum number of clients, has to be analyzed. This will help in approaching the customers and increasing the sales. Apart from this, the companies will have to adopt and implement an effective strategy has to be followed for increasing the sales through the export process. This needs to be done through planning and implementation of the right process. 3. Communication The marketing strategy needs to have the best communication system. This will help in interacting with the potential buyers, which is necessary for approaching maximum number of clients. Apart from this, the method that is being selected for communication has to be simple and effective. Through the communication process, the management of the company ensures to explain the benefits that are associated with the products. Some of the aspects that are included at the time of explaining the benefits that are associated with the communication process include Explain the benefits and features of the products Analyze the needs of the customers Interact the features that are associated with the products Through the marketing strategies, the right steps are taken to communicate the features of the advertisement process that is adopted by the company. In this case, the strategies that are adopted by the company include interacting about the features of the product that is offered to be sold to the clients. The marketing strategy is prepared with an intention of informing the customers about the features of the services. In this process, the below mentioned points has to be taken care of The steps that needs to be followed for communicating Marketing relevance and the process that will be helpful for implementing the changes Analyzing the steps and selecting the better option that will cater the needs of the clients (Gronroos, 2004). The communication process adopted in Australia intended to mention the features and benefits of the products that were sold to the clients. In this process, the cultural factors related to the products were also taken care of. However, in Hong Kong the product promotional activities have to be done after analyzing the needs of the customers. In this case, the cultural factors have to be considered as this will help in improving the sales for the company. The cultural factors include implementing changes that will be useful in interacting with the clients. This is required for explaining the benefits that are associated with the products. The fruit is not used much in china, Hong Kong and other Asian countries. However, the effectiveness of the fruit has made it quite popular and the demand for the products is increasing. This is one of the reasons, the need for effective communication process needs to be adopted and implemented by the company. In this process the quality of communica tion and the method that is adopted for implementing the changes will have to be analyzed. This will help in simplifying the task that is related to improving the sales for the product. Concept of effective communication includes explaining the benefits that would help the users and the process that can be followed for using the same. In this case, an attempt has to be made for simple and effective communication system. This will help in attracting clients (Sweeney, 2004). References Balmer J, and Gray E, 2003. Corporate brands: what are they? What of them? European Journal of Marketing, 37(7/8), 97297. Gray R, 2004. Why the fatboys slimmed. Marketing Viewed on 25th January, 2014. Gronroos C, 2004. The relationship marketing process: communication, interaction, dialogue, value. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 19(2), 99113. Lauterborn R, 2003. Is it time to blow away IMC? BtoB.Chicago, Vol. 88, No. 11, pp. 14-15. Sisodia S and Telrandhe N, 2010. Role of Integrated Marketing communication in Modern Indian Business. Researchers World. Journal of Arts Science and Commerce, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 134-138. Smith T.M, Gopalakrishna S, and Chatterjee R, 2006. A Three Stage Model of IMC at the Marketing-Sales Interface, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.43 No.3, PP.564-579 Sweeney M, 2004. Sector insight: bottled water beyond the functional. Marketing. Retrieved 18 August 2004 from Brand Republic. Whitehead J, 2004. Crisis uses real-life stories as inspiration for ad campaign. Retrieved 19 November 2004 from Brand Republic.

US Problems Medicare Program Ineffectiveness

The United States of America currently faces several problems that make it impossible for the government to provide quality services to the citizens. Some of the major problems include â€Å"the lack of appropriate incentives to hold cost on food stamps, Medicare, Obama care, and entitlement programs (Williams, 2010)†. The complexity of these problems calls for immediate solutions in order to continue addressing the needs of the Americans. This discussion explores the nature of these problems and offers solutions for them.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on US Problems: Medicare Program Ineffectiveness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Medicare structure has resulted in conflicting incentives especially when it comes to the issue of cost. Currently, there is lack of appropriate incentives to hold costs on â€Å"sharing rules† (Williams, 2010). As well, there are misaligned incentives especi ally in â€Å"cost shifting for nursing homes and health care facilities (Williams, 2010)†. The issue of cost allocation makes it impossible to provide adequate to patients suffering from acute and chronic diseases. Such problems have made the Medicare program ineffective. That being the case, various policy reforms can be useful towards addressing the problem (Williams, 2010). Such initiatives include pay-for-performance, capitation, and shifting Medicare costs to the government. The strategy will definitely help address most of the problems mentioned above. The second problem arises for America’s food stamps. Today the country spends a lot of money on food stamps than ever before. In 2010, President Obama projected to spend $10 trillion on the program. This is definitely a major problem because the country cannot afford such costs. It is agreeable that the program helps the poor and most vulnerable members of the society. The best solution is to address the problem o f employment and identify the most vulnerable individuals. This will make it easier to allocate costs efficiently. As well, abuse and fraud have been associated with the food stamps program. There is need for efforts to address these wrongdoings and keep track of the gathered information. Alternatively, Congress can consider a move to end the program and allow each state to design its own food policy program. â€Å"This will definitely address the lack of incentives to hold cost on food stamps (Williams, 2010)†. In America, entitlement programs are managed by the government in order to provide financial benefits to various individuals who contribute by paying into the programs (Williams, 2010). In the recent past, expenditures related to entitlement programs have increased fast. Currently, experts project that the costs will grow in the coming years. This means that the actual collections for entitlement programs present a deficit (Williams, 2010). This explains why it has be en impossible to hold cost on such entitlement programs. The best incentive to hold cost on entitlement is to use new policies regarding government spending and taxation. The government can increase taxes and eliminate tax exemptions. As well, the government can increase the age for eligibility. Such measures will help address the problem completely.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), also called â€Å"Obama care†, helped increase affordability and quality of insurance (Williams, 2010). The program has expanded both private and public health insurance coverage in the country. However, the original cost for the program was supposed to be below $1 trillion. The current economic situation and widening national debt does not allow the country to spend so much money on the program (Williams, 2010). This explains why there is lack of incentives to hold cost on â€Å"Obama care†. The best way to address the current crisis is to apply new regulations and legislations. This will ensure the citizen does not bear the costs. As well, the federal government can cut most of its discretionary and mandatory spending. The approach will offer new incentives to hold cost on â€Å"Obama care† and other entitlement programs in the country. Reference List Williams, N. (2010). Government Spending, Taxes, Entitlements, Healthcare, Pensions, Immigration, Tort Reform, Crime. New York: Author-House Press. This research paper on US Problems: Medicare Program Ineffectiveness was written and submitted by user Konnor Mclaughlin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sports And Drugs Essays - Drug Control Law, Barry McCaffrey

Sports And Drugs "The Sports World Should be Drug Free" This article was derived on the question: Why the sports world should be drug free? Barry McCaffrey's answer to this question is based on a simple assumption that drug usage in sports has a direct impact on children which will ultimately lead to downfall of sports. The essay takes on the belief that all or most kids look up to athletes. And if these athletes do drugs then kids will do drugs. It is directed to the athletes themselves, coaches, and the parents of all children. McCaffrey states that after the death of athlete Len Bias, youth cocaine use suddenly dropped (page 1). It seems that this is a safe assumption because after a death of a famous athlete, people as well as children learn the disastrous effect of drug use. He also believes that when athletes use drugs and are rewarded for their athleticism kids get the misimpression that drugs are not dangerous to their well being, dreams and aspirations (page 1). This essay is compelling and also logical. We as a culture know that children look up to all athletes. They are pictured on cereal boxes, sneaker ads, cartoons, etc.... The author makes the natural assumption that if these athletes use drugs that kids will get the picture that it is alright for them to use them as well. His argument is very convincing especially for a parent. He gives evidence that professional organizations are know getting involved to take a stand against drug usage. McCaffrey states, " Eighteen Major League Baseball teams are showing anti-drug public service announcements in their stadiums at home games. Major league soccer is sending strong anti-drug messages to its young fans. On October 23rd , as part of the Office of Drug Policy's athletic initiative, the first ever "National Coachathon Against Drugs" will see coaches across the nation?from pee wee to the big leagues?starting practices with messages against drugs" (page 2). The only thing about McCaffrey's argument is that he didn't consider the other side's point of view. He must of thought they did not have a relevant case to even consider their view. He did a good job researching and making a firm strong point. Bibliography McCaffrey, Barry R. "The Sports World Should Be Drug Free" St. Petersburg Times. September 9, 1998. p. 12A

The Best Way to Document Your Brand Voice Guidelines (Free Template)

The Best Way to Document Your Brand Voice Guidelines (Free Template) As a young journalism major learning about the publishing industry, I was in awe of the well-oiled machines that were large magazines, where I wanted to write one day. How in the world could they combine hundreds, or even thousands, of different writers and voices- some veteran, some new to the team, some freelancers or temporary interns- into this one voice that was cohesive and justfit? Was it that everyone they hired just thought and talked the same way? That seemed unrealistic. No, as I got further into my writing career, I realized that the well-oiled processes of the publishing industry ran deeper than I’d thought, and they usually had a documented system for representing the publication’s voice. I’m talking about the holy editorial guidelines. Editorial Guidelines: A Writer’s Holy Grail These publications would have a guide or manual to writing as part of the organization, and they’d be so clear and details that professional writers could hop into and out of the team knowing exactly how to adapt their writing voice. Well, aside from a few internships in college, I never actually made it into that industry. Instead, I found the world of content marketing and fell in love. But one thing I’ve noticed? Brand editorial guidelines are often sorely lacking compared to publishers’, when they exist at all. Sure, we have rules and guidelines for our content to tell guest bloggers or our CEO to follow when contributing content. We know our â€Å"brand personality† and can explain it easily. But does your brand have that comprehensive guide that can essentially onboard any new content creators for you?  Something documented that ensures cohesiveness whether you’re content’s being created by the marketing team, the product team, the C-suite, freelancers, or guests? If not, don’t feel guilty. You’re definitely not alone in this! So today’s post will lay out how you can define and document voice guidelines that are as clear as the rest of your branding and can be used for any kind of brand content. Define and document your brand voice guidelines with this detailed guide + free template:Why Bother Documenting Brand Voice Guidelines? Let’s clear the air first: why isn’t it enough to just explain the overall voice and brand personality to any new content creators? Documenting processes  in general is important to managing any team and lays out what’s required for effective project management Putting the rules in writing ensures consistency from writer to writer, as opposed to explaining it separately and/or differently to each contributor. Going through this process can identify areas of your branding you might not have thought about in relation to your content. Having a formal document helps streamline training and onboarding new team members or contributors. It offers a quick reference for any existing writers who want to double check something, which will make editing easier. Now let’s get to it. Download Your Free Brand and Editorial Voice Guidelines Template If youre going to document style standards for your brands voice, youll need a template to do it right. Right? Grab this freebie from and follow along as you read this post. By the time youre done, youll have a complete set of documented standards ready to go.The Best Way to Document Your Brand Voice Guidelines (Free Template)Step 1: Audit Your Existing Brand When you already have an established brand identity in place, documenting your brand voice is more about finding what your brand should sound like based on existing qualities, than it is creating something from scratch. Since you’re not creating a whole new voice or brand personality, your official voice should be an extension of the rest of your brand. So the first step in developing your guidelines is to take stock of your current brand vibes in order to find ways to vocalize it. Some questions you might want to ask include: What Are Our Brand’s Top Values? What is supposed to be at the core of everything your company does? If your company has defined core values, a mission statement, or any other type of formal statement, all roads should lead back to it. Theses values or purpose should be represented in all aspect of the brand, and how you talk to your audience is a huge part of that. For example, Skype’s brand guidelines, or â€Å"brandbook,† starts off with a few important parts of their mission and values statement: (Image Source: Skype Brandbook) Recommended Listening: How to Develop Editorial Values That Improve Customer Success With Gregory Ciotti From Help Scout"] What’s the Voice in Our Top Content? If you have a lot of existing content, but it wasn’t created with a specific, strategic voice, you can perform a content audit  to identify your best and worst performing content. Then, specifically look at and analyze the voice and tone of each piece. Do your top pieces have similarities in terms of writing style, personality, or direction? Do your worst? This will help you figure out what kind of voice your existing audience responds to, so you can make sure you’re moving in a direction that aligns with both your brand and your audience. How Do Our Customers Describe Us? Again, you need to make sure your voice aligns with what your audience and customers already like about you. Your voice guidelines should â€Å"make official† what’s already working well with your brand communication. So another great step in developing your guidelines is to go out and ask your customers how they would describe your brand’s personality. Are you elite? Approachable? Respectful? Subdued? Silly? Motivational? You can send a survey at the time you’re first developing guidelines, adapting this ongoing process from Joanna Wiebe at Copy Hackers: Poll your new customers. Send a follow-up â€Å"thanks for choosing us† email within days of a purchase, and ask your customer to indicate – quite simply – which adjective (of a short list of options) best describes how they feel about your brand.* Developing brand voice guidelines? Start by asking these questions.Step 2: Define Core Personality After you’ve looked at the strongest parts of your brand, you need to agree on, â€Å"well, what does that sound like?† aka tying things together into a theme. I like to look at it as coming up with a â€Å"spokespersona.† Just as you’d create an ideal profile or persona  for your customers or readers, create one for the embodiment of your brand. Or, if you have some kind of mascot or spokesperson, base this off of them. Decide your persona’s mood and personality, how they describe things, and how they see themselves. For example, are you: Conversational with a pension for fun tangents, or short-spoken? One to focus on facts and statistics or more interested in stories and people? Daring and adventurous, or cautious and risk-averse? Take what you collected in step 1 and lump it into three main bullet points or adjectives that describe your brand. (Image Source: Percolate) For example, Percolate defined their core personality  with adjectives like â€Å"thoughtful, interesting, proud, bold, and human.† Recommended Reading: Spark Your User Persona to Life With These 9 Important Tools Step 3: Drill Down to Tone Now it’s time for something that’s muddied up a lot: taking the overall themes and voice, and specifying tones to use in certain scenarios. It’s easy for brands to define one, but not the other, or confuse them for the same thing. But think about it personally: your voice is your voice, but you take different tones depending on: Who you’re talking to: your grandma vs. your best friend What you’re talking about: telling a story vs. giving instructions How you feel: confused vs. clear, energized vs. â€Å"hangry† In their guide to social media voice, Buffer offers this definition: â€Å"Essentially, there is one voice for your brand and many tones that refine that voice. Voice is a mission statement. Tone is the application of that mission.† An analogy I like is looking at voice as content, and tone as context. Voice defines what you might say, tone refines how you might say it. For your own brand, think about how you would write an email about a new launch or important milestone compared to a customer support email. Not the same, right? So once you’ve defined your brand’s overall voice, imagine how that would play out in different scenarios and contexts that will come up in your content.

Toasting the Rebellion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Toasting the Rebellion - Essay Example The examples of how such public display of Celebration shaped the formation of various revolutions are explained quite vividly in the text. Some of the examples are, The Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party and The Stamp Act Riots. The text points out that despite the idea behind such Toasting and loud singing are revolutionary the act in itself have been carried out in a very peaceful manner on various occasions. Thus, the focus remained on affirmation of political and national identities rather than public outcry. The significance of Toasts and Singing were usually carried out by huge amounts of drinking and singing in famous public places like Tavern and coffeehouses. At first the tradition was to play and sing songs that are mainly patriotic, however later the tradition moved on to playing satirical Ballads especially on politico-administrations. Usually its significance lay in venting oneself out, and to display one’s spirit openly. Most of the time, such Toasts and songs we re utilized in exerting enough pressure by certain politico groups. A huge amount of nationalism and collective consciousness was created among the people of similar beliefs, or even drawing people on one’s belief, during that time.

MMM CO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MMM CO - Essay Example trust on the organization, increase the performance efficiency, grab the maximum market share and what strategies a company would implement to approach the customers. Internal drivers comprise of situations where the company is influenced to manage its profitability and retain its customers by applying various internal strategies. The internal drivers within an organization are centered to deliver: According to Michael Porter’s book, ‘Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance† published in 1985, the concept of Value Chain was first coined (Michael Porter). According to this concept, value chain comprise of the entire primary and the secondary activities within an organization that would help the firm to strengthen its position in the market as well as to improve its product or service efficiency within the market. At this stage, it is important for MMM & Co. to focus on all the activities of the organization that are related with the receiving and storing of the raw materials especially those products which are used by the company to produce the end products. The better the inbound logistic system of the company would be, the better would be quality of the products and the raw materials. MMM & Co. needs to focus its attention on the operations within the company that initiate from the manufacturing of the products which involves the receiving of the raw materials and end on the final production. Throughout the operations, the company is in dire need to maintain the flow of the operations smooth as well as, to maintain the control on all the steps. Outbound logistics play a key role in getting the finish products to the customers. It revolves around the handling and shipping of the products from one place to another. The smooth flow of outbound logistics plays a crucial role in determining the profitability of the company. MMM & co. needs to focus its attention on this activity. Marketing and sales stand as the corner stone to

Copyright And Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Copyright And Ethics - Research Paper Example The concept of whether copyrighting is unethical is a relatively new controversy. There are no religious references regarding this. Religious texts only state that use of another person’s property without his permission is illegal. It does not specifically state about the ownership of intellectual property. The only arguments regarding the ethics of copyright are either moral or social in nature. Those who support IP copyrights are of the opinion that any creation whether real or electronic should be protected legally. Most countries also take this stand including the United States. According to Warwick, the issue of the ethics of copyright is no longer an issue. The current stand is granting rights to the creator/owners will result in a balance of rights between them and the end users. The copyright period protects the rights of the creator/owner. When the duration ends and the work enters the public domain, then the rights of the users come into force. This view is expressed in another article as well. The author states that copyright (and IP) laws in the United States are based on utilitarian concepts whereby everyone or the maximum number of people benefits. A copyrighted material has two distinct parameters, the creator/owner and the user. Due to its uniqueness, it can be read, used or seen by a number of people at the same time. In the case of software, there is practically no limit to the number of users, unlike a film or book. Taking the utilitarian approach, both the creator/owner and the user should benefit.

Social Work Case Study Foster Care

Social Work Case Study Foster Care Kirsty Lynch    You are a new social worker to the case. Your team leader has asked you to look at where the placement is going. What should be the care plan for James? As the newly appointed social worker to James case I have reviewed all of James file and have met with James and his foster family in order to complete an appropriate care plan. In accordance with best practice guidelines I met James on his own and spoke to him about his current placement and where he would like this to go. Hearing the voice of James informed my decision when choosing an appropriate care plan for James as this went beyond simply listening to his wishes, but it also allowed me to hear his fears and concerns regarding his placement and future placements (HSE, 2013). The overall aim of James care plan is to determine the most suitable placement for James in the long-term. As multiple foster care placements can often disrupt stability and educational needs it is important to ensure as little disruption to James routine as possible (Darmody, et al., 2013). Having met with James, I have evaluated three placement options for James and concluded my final recommendation below. Placement Option 1: Relative Foster Care Under Section 3 (2)(c) of the 1991 Child Care Act, it states that it is in the best interest of children to grow up within their biological families. When a child is in need of a foster care placement, Tusla, the Child and Family agency, will initially look for a suitable relative or a person who is known to the child to provide relative foster care. Relative foster care, also known as Kinship care is defined as the full-time nurturing and protection of children who must be separated from their parents, by relatives, members of their tribes or clans, godparents, stepparents, or other adults who have a kinship bond with a child (Winokur, et al., 2009, p. 8). Advantages of Relative Foster Care Relative foster care improves childrens sense of belonging through the continuity of family identity, which plays a huge role in terms of the stability of the foster placement (Farmer Moyers, 2008). Research shows that there is little difference between how well children do in relative or non-relative care, it is a consistent finding that children in relative care do just as well as children in non-relative foster care, including the stability of the placement (Hunt, et al., 2008), however it is found that children in kinship care find relative care to be less stigmatising than non-relative foster care (Messing, 2006). Other advantages of placing children in relative foster care include; familiarity for the child, family identity, access to wider family, less traumatic environment and the child is able to continue with their life within their own ethnic, racial and religious background (Cuddeback Orme, 2002) Disadvantages of Relative Foster Care Research suggests that relative foster care does not provide children with the same level of safety as non-relative placements and as a result, non-relative foster placements may be safer in terms of the possibility of violence or other environmental dangers (Berrick, 1997). Cuddeback (2004) found that children in relative care do not function as well as children in the general or non-relative foster care, this includes higher reported behavioural problems and lower performance in school subjects. Children living in relative foster care often experience more environmental adversity due to the demographic characteristics of their relative foster carers (i.e relative foster carers tend to be older, less educated, single, possibility of illness and poverty) (Ehrle Geen, 2002). Placement Option 2: Long-term Foster Care The second option for James is that his current foster placement is turned into a Long-term foster placement, this would involve James continuing with his current foster family on a long-term basis. Long-term foster care is required when a social work department reaches a decision that it is unlikely that a child or young person will return to their own family and necessitates a commitment from the foster family for a number of years (IFCA, 2017). Long-term foster care allows children to become a part of their foster family and often continue to live with their long-term foster family until they reach adulthood (IFCA, 2017). Long-term foster care is generally classed as any period of time over 6 months, James placement has already drifted into a longer-term placement then originally planned as James has been with the Behan family for more than a year. Advantages of Long-term Foster Care Research suggests that children in care are much better off being cared for in long-term family units rather than being cared for in residential care homes. This is because children in long-term foster families receive more individual attention than they would in a residential setting where they are one child out of a large number of children being cared for. Festinger (1983) found that children who were in long-term foster care, functioned better than children who were brought up in residential care settings in a variety of different areas, these areas included; children in long-term foster care accomplished higher levels of education, had a smaller chance of criminal behaviour which would lead to arrest or conviction, had less disappointment with the frequency of contact that they had with biological siblings, were less likely to move away when they reached independence and less likely to live alone in adulthood. A long with this young people in long-term foster care were less likely than those in residential care to develop problems around substance abuse (Jones Moses, 1984). Long-term foster care can provide children with a sense of belonging when the foster family allow the child to become a part of their family, children in long-term foster care often engage in family rituals and fun experiences which is important for encouraging feelings of belonging (Hedin, 2014). Research also shows that long-term foster carers who are meaningfully involved in the foster childs life and who offer supportive and caring relationships, provide better placement stability and less breakdown of placements (Christiansen, et al., 2013). Disadvantages of Long-term Foster Care International research suggests that children who are in long-term foster care may be at risk of lower emotional and developmental outcomes when compared with children who are reunified with their birth families, or children who are adopted (Moran, et al., 2016). The legal status of long-term foster care offers no sense of permanency for children and young people, and as a result, children in long-term foster care can often be left with feelings of anxiety and uncertainty. There is a strong possibility that children will be further subjected to more legal proceedings and there is always the change that the placement will be terminated (Grey, 2006). Placement Option 3: Residential Foster Care In my opinion, residential foster care should only be chosen as a last resort placement as children deserve to be brought up in a family. However, for young people who are effectively unable to live in their own home or in an alternative foster family, residential care may be the only suitable placement. There are various types of residential care, some are homes run by the HSE, others are run by private companies or voluntary organisations. Regardless of the type of residential setting, all are subject to inspection. In accordance with policy and best practice, the HSE does not place children who are 12 years of age or under in residential foster care except in exceptional circumstances (McEvoy Smith, 2011). Advantages of Residential Foster Care A small study which was conducted by Save the Children found that a high percentage of children in care identified that that would rather be in residential care than living in a foster home (Barry, 2001). Those interviewed advised that they had a strong preference for residential care as they felt it was more stable for young people, especially around schooling and found that it was easier to talk about their experiences with other children who are in residential care (Moran, et al., 2016). The young people identified that their trust in people and their capacity to sustain long-term relationships was affected by the constant moving between foster care placements and various schools, whereas in residential care they felt this was a long-term solution and they were able to maintain friendships with school friends by continuing to attend the same school on a regular basis (Barry, 2001). Disadvantages of Residential Foster Care The study found that children also identified many negatives with residential care, including; challenging to have any time alone, the lack of discipline made it difficult to live with other young people who had challenging behaviour and often the unpredictable ambience that was formed by a large number of young people all living together in one care setting (Barry, 2001). Other research emphasised a variety of problems experienced in residential care, both physical and emotional, which can have an enormous impact on the stability of the placement (Hyde Kammerer, 2009). These included a high turnover of residential staff, anxiety, dealing with impulsive behaviours of other young people and often children who are placed in residential care can model their own behaviour off of others and as a result young people in residential care often have aggressive tendencies (Moran, et al., 2016). By placing together young people who are at-risk, this can often limit their experience of positive role models and their prospects to develop their own attitudes and pro-social skills (Turner Macdonald, 2011). My Recommendation It is my recommendation that James continue his placement and that this be made long-term. When James first came into foster care the CFA assessed James for relative foster care, unfortunately James has no relatives other than his mother Jennifer in Ireland and Jennifer has very little contact with her family back home. To date Jennifer has not been in contact with the CFA despite a number of attempts from the CFA to make contact with her. Jennifer left Ireland without informing the CFA and it has since become clear that she is living abroad in a new relationship. Jennifer has made no attempts to make contact with James in over 12 months. Children deserve to grow up in a loving, caring family, and I feel James deserves to experience this with the Behan family as it is not possible for James to return to his biological family. Research shows that children who experience loving relationships with foster families frequently consider them as their second family (Mason Tipper, 2008), from speaking with James it is clear that he regards the Behan family as his own family. Mary supports James emotionally, James feels that he can trust Mary, this is evident as James confided in Mary about being bullied in school. International research shows that foster parents who are emotionally concerned about their foster children and who provide supportive relationships with their foster children, have been found to provide better placement stability and there is a much lower risk of the breakdown of placements (Carnochan, et al., 2013). James has been living with the Behan family for 14 months, has frequently attended the local primary school and has been enrolled into the local secondary school for September coming. I feel that the transition from primary school to secondary school will be hard on James, however I feel that with the support of the Behan family, and familiar friends attending the same school, that this will be easier for James than being uprooted to a new foster home and starting over again in a new school unknown to him. It is my final recommendation that it is in James best interests to continue his placement with the Behan family and that this placement be made into a long-term placement. Your team leader is sceptical about the idea of supporting the skiing holiday idea (on financial and health and safety grounds). But she also asks you to argue for the idea, so that the issues can be clearly set out for discussion and decision I support the idea of James going on a skiing holiday as I feel that holidaying with family is an integral part of growing up and will benefit James in a number of ways. I have outlined below what I feel the benefits of this holiday will be to James and I have supported this with academic research. I have also addressed your concerns on the financial and health and safety grounds of James attending this holiday. Benefits of Skiing family Holiday Studies show holidays can benefit carers and   children in their care by helping to create a bond between the two (Lewis, 2001). Research on the effects of children in cares participation in holidays has also specifically explored how engaging in holidays can be a way of encouraging engagement with mainstream society and promoting the social inclusion of children in care (Quinn Stacey, 2010). Lewis (2001) found that children in care were aware of their social exclusion and they often felt they were missing out on holidays that other children were able to experience with their families. This is supported by Hughes who advised that being able to go on holiday gives children the ability to participate in the commonly ordinarily accepted   style of life in the community (Hughes, 1991). Benefits of Family Holidays for Foster Children: Strengthening Family bonds: Holidays allow children and their foster families time to bond as a family. It is crucial for children to have healthy attachments and family holidays provide provision for this to happen (IFAPA, 2013). If James placement is to be made long-term, it is important that he continues to build and maintain relationships within the Behan family and a family holiday will help both James and the family to strengthen their family bonds. Normalisation: Family holidays are a normal part of growing up and often children in care can feel that they are not normal and that they dont fit in with social norms. A lot of children in foster care often miss out on the normality of family life and this should not be the case (IFAPA, 2013). It is important for James to feel that he is part of the Behan family and for him to continue to have as normal a childhood as possible. Independence: By including foster children in the planning process of a holiday, this can boost childrens independence. Foster children can learn a lot about the holiday planning process that can allow them to have some ownership, this is not only ownership within the process, but also ownership in the outcome of the holiday. Holidays are a vital part of childhood and provide many opportunities for children in care to learn valuable life skills (IFAPA, 2013). Foster children often feel that they are not important enough to include and many struggle with feelings of low self worth (IFAPA, 2013). Currently James is struggling with feelings of low self worth as he has reacted badly to his mothers disappearance and has become quite withdrawn and depressed. The fact that the Behan family wish to include James on their family holiday is important to show James that he is part of their family and that he is wanted. A holiday would be beneficial to James not only to strengthen his bond with the family, but also for his own mental wellbeing. Financial Foster families are provided with a fostering allowance to help foster parents to meet the daily living needs to the childs, this allowance generally covers the likes of food, clothing and education such as books, uniforms and extra-curricular activities, the allowance also tried to cover treats such as toys, games and holidays (Tusla, 2017). When it comes to holidays, these are an expensive event for any family, especially if the holiday is abroad. The Behan family have already worked together to save as much as they can for the upcoming Skiing holiday to contribute to the cost of bringing Sean with them. The remaining à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬400 that they are seeking from Tusla is needed in order to pay for the extra insurance needed to bring Sean away, Seans passport, as well as needing a bigger apartment to ensure that Sean has his own bedroom for the duration of the holiday. Many other fostering agencies recognise this and in some cases, increase the foster carers allowance over the dura tion of school holidays which can often help foster carers to fund a holiday for their foster child (NFA, 2015). In some cases foster parents are entitled to an additional payment when they choose to take their foster child on a family holiday with them and I feel that this should be the case for the Behan family as the benefits for James would be immense (NFA, 2015). Health and Safety The Irish foster care association advises that foster children are not always covered under family insurance policies for holidaying as foster children may not be included in the definition of family or close relative. They further advise that they have raised this issue with many travel insurance companies and as a result, more and more travel insurance companies are now including foster children under the definition of family since the legalities of foster care have been brought to their attention (IFCA, 2013). I have contacted a number of travel insurance companies on behalf of the CFA to confirm whether or not foster children are included on their policies and have compiled a list of appropriate companies for future purposes. As there is further risk associated with sports holidays, such as a skiing holiday, this has been further discussed with the Behan family to ensure that the insurance policy that they take out has a provision for a skiing holiday. The Behan family are aware of the health and safety risks of a skiing holiday with James and have discussed their concerns around this with me. Having researched health and safety and insurance of foster children on holidays, the Behan family have advised that they are satisfied that the insurance policy that they will be taking out will be sufficient for James to attend the holiday with them. Conclusion The research provided proves that children can benefit from holidays abroad by experiencing new activities, culture and educational experiences. In her research on children in care in 2001, Lewis identified the benefits of children in care participating in family holidays as strengthening relationships, relaxation, escaping routine, social interaction, self-fulfilment and educational opportunities (Lewis, 2001). As a result I support the idea of James attending the skiing holiday with the Behan family as I believe that holidaying with family is an integral part of growing up and it will benefit James to experience this while providing him with a positive childhood experience which many foster children often miss out on. Word Count: 2,997 Bibliography: Barry, M., 2001. A sense of purpose: Care leavers views and experiences of growing up. Glasgow: Strathprints Institutional Repository. Berrick, J. D., 1997. Assessing quality of care in kinship and foster family care. Family Relations, Volume 46, p. 273-281. Carnochan, S., Moore, M. Austin, M. J., 2013. Achieving placement stability. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, Volume 10, p. 235-253. Child Care Act, 1991. The Child Care Act. Dublin: Government of Ireland. Christiansen, O., Havnen, J. S. K., Havik, T. Anderssen, N., 2013. Cautious belonging: Relationships in long-term foster-care. British Journal of Social Work,, Volume 43, p. 720-738. Cuddeback, G. S., 2004. Kinship family foster care: a methodological and substantive synthesis of research. Children and Youth Services Review,, Volume 26, pp. 623-639. Cuddeback, G. S. Orme, J. G., 2002. Training and services for kinship and nonkinship foster families. Child Welfare, Volume 81, pp. 879-909. Darmody, M., McMahon, L., Banks, J. Gilligan, R., 2013. Education of Children in Care in Ireland: An Exploratory Study, Dublin: Ombudsman for Children. Ehrle, J. Geen, R., 2002. Children cared for by Relatives: What Services Do They Need? Assessing the New Federalism Policy Brief, Washington DC: The Urban Institute. Farmer, E. Moyers, S., 2008. Kinship Care: Fostering Effective Family and Friends Placements (Quality Matters in Childrens Services). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Festinger, T., 1983. No One Ever Asked Us a Postscript to Foster Care. New York: Columbia University Press. FFI, 2017. Fostering First Ireland. [Online] Available at: https://www.fosteringfirstireland.ie/what-is-fostering/the-different-types-of-placements/standard-placements/[Accessed 27 February 2017]. Grey, B., 2006. LONG-TERM FOSTERING OR ADOPTION? A RESEARCH REVIEW. Seen and Heard, 15(4), pp. 45-51. Hedin, L., 2014. A sense of belonging in a changeable everyday life A follow up study of young people in kinship, network and traditional foster care. Child and Family Social Work, 19(2), p. 165-173. HSE, 2013. Court: Best Practice Guidance , Dublin: Health Service Executive. Hughes, H. L., 1991. Holidays and the economically disadvantaged. Tourism Management, 12(3), pp. 193-196. Hunt, J., Waterhouse, S. Lutman, E., 2008. Keeping them in the family, outcomes for children placed in kinship care through care proceedings. London: BAAF. Hyde, J. Kammerer, N., 2009. Adolescents perspectives on placement moves and congregate settings: Complex and cumulative instabilities in out-of-home care. Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 31, p. 265-273. IFAPA, 2013. Iowa Foster Adoptive Parents Association. [Online] Available at: http://www.ifapa.org/pdf_docs/weeklywordjune42013.pdf[Accessed 3 March 2017]. IFCA, 2017. Irish Foster Care Association. [Online] Available at: http://www.ifca.ie/fostering/types-fostering/[Accessed 2 March 2017]. Jones, M. A. Moses, B., 1984. West Virginias former foster children: Their experiences in care and their lives as young adults. New York: Child Welfare League of America. Lewis, E., 2001. Evaluation of the Benefits of Recreational Holidays for Young People in Public Care. London: National Childrens Bureau. Mason, J. Tipper, B., 2008. Being related: How children define and create kinship. Childhood, 15(4), p. 441-460. McEvoy, O. Smith, M., 2011. Listen to our voices: Hearing Children and Young People living in the care of the state, Dublin: Minister for Children and Youth Affairs. Messing, J. T., 2006. From the childs perspective: A qualitative analysis of kinship care placements.. Children and Youth Services Review,, Volume 28, pp. 1415-1434. Moran, L., McGregor, C. Devaney, C., 2016. Practitioner Guide to Literature Review: Permanence and Stability for Children in Care, The National University of Ireland, Galway: The UNESCO Child and Family Research Centre. Quinn, B. Stacey, J., 2010. The Benefits of Holidaying for Children Experiencing Social Exclusion:Recent Irish Evidence. Leisure Studies, 29(1), pp. 29-52. Turner, W. Macdonald, ,. G., 2011. Treatment foster care for improving outcomes in children and young people: A systematic review. Research on Social Work Practice, 21(5), p. 501-527. Winokur, M., Holtan, A. Valentine, D., 2009. Kinship care for the safety, permanency, and well-being of children removed from the home for maltreatment, s.l.: Wiley.

Importance and Scope of Commerce

Since the second part of the 20th century, the world is entered in the new era of the globalization. This era began with the creation of the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) in 1947 which finally lead to the creation of the WTO (World Trade Organization) in 1995. Those organizations have for objectives to accelerate, in the world scale, exchanges of goods, services by limiting the barriers of the commerce between the countries. In this era of globalization, the commerce has a central place. The importance of the commerce is in the fact that it provides goods and services which are easing the life of the consumer all around the world. Commerce is a preponderant vector of economics development and growth for countries. Indeed, the countries the most powerful, on an economical point of view, are the countries which dominate the world’s business, like the United States of America, China or Arabic countries due to the oil’s market. The opening of economies to the rest of the world and the trade liberalization (which can be reach thanks to the GATT and WTO’s work) are essential steps to improve the well-being of populations. It contributes to reducing poverty and helping countries to accelerate their progress (developing countries). The final objective of commerce is to make all the countries economically independent, in a sustainable way. Due to the importance of commerce in the present day world, there is a constant development of businesses and specific jobs in relation with commerce. That means that more and more people are engaged in commerce and concerned by this activity. So, the scope of commerce is very wide and is still changing day after day. Indeed, since the world is growing (new consumers, new way of life [†¦]) and the technology are changing, there is new businesses which open every day worldwide. Furthermore, there is a change in the world’s economy which influences the scope of commerce. For example, in one hand we can see that all the manufacturing companies are moving to developing countries to benefit of the low-cost labor force, in China or India for example. So it changes the frontiers of commerce by create new players in the world business. In the other hand, the developed countries have to find new opportunities for maintain their importance. So they explore new fields for business like the Internet. Thus, most of the companies from developed countries are moving toward the internet by the creation of a new way of make business: the e-commerce. With this opening on the virtual world for commerce, it expends more and more the scope of commerce. And you can guess that in the near future, with the development of new technologies, companies from developed countries will find other field to continue their business. So, we can conclude that the importance of the commerce in our society is very strong and that his scope is as wide as commerce is important in the 21st century. But we have to keep in mind that the current limits of commerce won’t be the same tomorrow and are not the same as yesterday because the scope of commerce is in constant evolution: each day, new entrants are coming to the business replacing other players who disappear.

October Sky Psychology Write-Up

Film Write-up 1 October Sky is a based on a true story about a mining town called Coalwood and one boy’s journey. Homer Hickam is an adolescent boy whose life has been predetermined by his father, a foreman at the coalmine, to work down in the mines but he has a different plan for his life. In October 1957, everything changes when the first artificial satellite, Sputnik goes into orbit. After he sees the satellite flying across the night’s sky, Homer becomes inspired to learn how to build rockets.With his friends, who also are destined for the mines, and the local nerd, Homer sets to do just that by trial and a lot of error. Unfortunately, most of the town, especially Homer's father, thinks that the boys are wasting their time. They don’t believe in what these kids are trying to accomplish, the only one who has faith in them is their high school teacher, Miss Riley. She understands what they’re trying to do and gives them the support and encouragement they need to become contenders in the national science fair with a college scholarships and a life out of the mines being the prize.The four boys, Homer being their leader, fight through accusations by the law and attempts to destroy their dreams. They ban together along with the help of their once doubting town, in particular Homer’s father, to bring home the first prize at the science fair and go on to change their stars. Throughout the movie you could see there was great tension between Homer and his father and I think it affects the relationships that he makes in the movie. At first we see Homer pining after one of the beautiful popular girls in his school but she is unattainable.Just like his father’s relationship, he can’t have the affection that he wants and because of this he overlooks the girl who it quiet but beautiful inside and out who is clearly in love with him. Once Homer figures out his place in the community and realizes he doesn’t need to wo rk hard for a love that’s not there he opens himself up to a real true love. I would characterize this as Erikson’s stage, intimacy versus isolation where young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships and failure leads to loneliness and isolation.Because he struck out with the popular girl he went into isolation and focused only on his rockets. We also see Homer in Erikson’s stage of identity versus role confusion, while he was figuring out what his heart wanted we also see him trying to figure himself out. In the beginning, Homer didn’t know who he was, or what his life path was going to be. He knew his father and the rest of the town had the idea that he would be a coal miner but he wasn’t so sure what life held for him.It wasn’t until his teacher encouraged him to push himself intellectually that he found his love for rocketry and science that he really began to find his identity. In the end when he becomes this town hero and w ins the science fair, his father shows up to his final rocket launch for the first time and we see Homer really feeling like he’s become his own man and he has that respect he’s always wanted from his father. I would also say that Homer exhibits two of the characteristics of adolescent egocentrism; he shows invincibility fable and personal fable.In the very beginning of the movie when Homer starts out testing his very first rockets they weren’t well made or accurate but he still went ahead and tested out his ideas without throwing any caution to the wind. His very first rocket blew up his mother’s fence but he still carried on making his ideas into a reality without testing them in a safe environment, the next rocket flew into the mining site and almost hit the workers. As Homer became more seasoned in his rocket making and more serious about his craft, he moved his test launches to an empty field which proved to be much safer for him and the community ar ound him.The other characteristic he exhibits is personal fable. He feels that his life is destined for something bigger than what has been set out for him. He believes there is something unique about himself that he needs to share with the world. While his father and everyone else, including his friends, look down on this idea of breaking out of the mold he still stuck with his idea of becoming something bigger and better. At the end of the story he does in fact become the town hero and his dreams of greatness come to fruition as he grows up.

Joseph Urban, From Palm Beach to New York City

Joseph Urban, From Palm Beach to New York City Trained as an architect, Joseph Urban may be best known today for his elaborate theater designs. In 1912 he moved to the United States from Austria to create sets for the Boston Opera Company. By 1917, as a naturalized US citizen, he had shifted his attentions to New York and the Metropolitan Opera. Urban went on to become scenic designer for the Ziegfeld Follies. The extravagant theatricality of his scenic designs made Urban a perfect fit to create some of the opulent architecture in Palm Beach, Florida before Americas Great Depression. Born: May 26, 1872, Vienna, Austria Died: July 10, 1933, New York City Full Name: Carl Maria Georg Joseph Urban Education: 1892: Akademie der bildenden KÃ ¼nste (Academy of Fine Arts), Vienna Selected Projects: 1904: Austrian Pavilion, St. Louis Worlds Fair (received Gold Medal)1904-1914: Set designs throughout Europe1911-1914: Boston Opera Company, set designs1917-1933: Metropolitan Opera of New York, set designs1926: Bath and Tennis Club, Palm Beach, Florida1927: Mar-A-Lago, Palm Beach, Florida, with Marion Sims Wyeth (1889-1982)1927: Paramount Theatre, Palm Beach, Florida1927: Ziegfeld Theatre, New York City (demolished in 1966)1928: Bedell Department Store, 19 West 34th Street, New York City1928: International Magazine Building (Hearst Building), New York City, with George B. Post- 78 years later, in 2006, Norman Fosters Tower was built on top (view photo)1930: New School for Social Research, New York City Art and Architecture Together: Joseph Urban designed interiors like an architect, incorporating skyscraper-like setbacks and Classical Greek columns into theatrical scenic designs. For Urban, art and architecture were two pencils with one point. This total work of art is called Gesamtkunstwerk, and its long been a working philosophy throughout central Europe. In the 18th Century, Bavarian stucco master Dominikus Zimmermann created Wieskirche as a total work of art; German architect Walter Gropius combined the Arts with Crafts in his Bauhaus School curriculum; and Joseph Urban turned theatre architecture inside out. Early Influences: Otto WagnerAdolf Loos Making Connections: Actress Marion Davies was a Ziegfeld girl while Urban, too, worked on sets for Florenz Ziegfeld. Davies also was the mistress of the powerful publisher, William Randolph Hearst. Its been widely reported that Davies introduced Hearst to Urban, who then designed the monumental International Magazine Building. Why is Urban Important? Urbans importance lay in his virtually unprecedented use of color, his introduction to American theater of many of the techniques and principles of the New Stagecraft, and his architectural sensibility at a time when most stage designers came from a background or training in visual art.- Professor Arnold Aronson, Columbia University Some of his buildings, like the New School for Social Research on West 12th Street in Manhattan, are good enough to be considered critical early works of modernism in America. Many others, like his extravagant house in Palm Beach for Marjorie Merriwether Post, Mar-a-Lago, if not as important theoretically, are spectacular visual triumphs....To look at Urbans work today is to be awed at the ease with which he worked in all kinds of styles, from the Vienna Secession of his early years to the International Style modernism and monumental classicism of his final years.- Paul Goldberger, 1987 Learn More: International Magazine BuildingJoseph Urban by John Loring, Abrams Publisher, 2010Joseph Urban: Architecture, Theatre, Opera, Film by Randolph Carter, Abbeville Press, 1992 Sources: Joseph Urban entry by Paul Louis Bentel, The Dictionary of Art, Vol. 31, Jane Turner, ed., Grove Macmillan, 1996, pp. 702-703; Architect of Dreams: The Theatrical Vision of Joseph Urban by Arnold Aronson, Columbia University, 2000; Joseph Urban Stage Design Models Documents Stabilization Access Project, Columbia University; Private Clubs, Palm Beach and Architects of the Boom Bust, Historical Society of Palm Beach County; At the Cooper-Hewitt, Designs of Joseph Urban by Paul Goldberger, The New York Times, December 20, 1987; Hearst Magazine Building Designation Report by Janet Adams, Landmarks Preservation Commission, (PDF) [accessed May 16, 2015]

Creative Writing Essays (483 words) - Free Essays, Term Papers

Creative Writing Essays (483 words) - Free Essays, Term Papers Creative Writing Picture this: a warm, sunny, November day in Dallas, Texas. Everyone in the town is excited because the president was making a stop there and a parade was to be held. The streets were packed as the limousine, carrying President Kennedy, his wife, Jackie, the governor, and his wife, passed by slowly. While the president waved to the crowd, everything seemed to be well and good. Now picture the same scene, a few minutes later: the crowd is in hysteria, no one knows what is going on, but the president has been shot. Nobody knew who did it, or why anyone would, since Kennedy was so well liked among the American public. To this day, the mystery of JFK's death is still unsolved, but the theories are still out there. I believe that Kennedy was shot from behind, and that the government played a part in the assassination. This theory can be supported in many ways. First of all, by looking at photographs and videos of the shooting, it is easily seen that after Kennedy was shot, his head was thrown in a backwards direction. The law of physics which states that every action is matched with an equal and opposite reaction proves that, for this to happen he had to of been shot from the rear. Also, after examining the two wounds in the back of JFK's head and neck, it was proven, through the autopsy, that they were entrance wounds, meaning that he had to have been shot from behind. While this is a common theory among the American public, the thought that the government was involved, is a not such common theory. There are many reasons why I happen to believe that the government played a part in Kennedy's assassination. For one, why would Kennedy be in an open convertible that was going at a very slow speed? Should he not have been in a concealed limousine, shielded by bullet-proof glass? Also, when the autopsy was performed, I would think to have the best, most experienced doctors assigned to examine Kennedy's body, instead, a newer, inexperienced doctor was given the case. Lastly, I do not understand why it has been so long, and the murderer still has not been found. The United States is supposed to be the most advanced country, economically and technologically, in the world, and we can not find out who killed one of our most beloved presidents? This just does not seem right. Overall, JFK was a very well liked man among the American public. Around the time of his murder, no one could understand why somebody would kill him. People, today, still do not understand why, and the mystery is still yet to be solved. Many theories out there, one of which has to be true. I believe that the government played a part in his assassination, however, the public may never know.

How Does Paid Employment Affect Your Identity Essay - 3

How Does Paid Employment Affect Your Identity - Essay Example Our identity also changes as our surroundings and our roles in it changes, which then translates that it is also what we chose to prioritise, what we rationally chose to fulfil, and what we may prefer to be concerned about (Martin and Barresi, 2003). In another setting, different kinds of people can come together under one larger and unified group that has similar visions and goals. Often called the organisation, it is both an entity and a concept in itself, which links together identity, power, inequality, freedom and knowledge all under a conceptual framework (Knights and Willmott, 2007). The behaviour and interaction of people working within an organisation is called organisational behaviour. It addresses broadly the interaction of people within all types of organisations like business, government, university and service organisations (Singh, 2010). To understand how an individual would behave in a group setting, there is no magic bullet to solve all kinds of organisational kinds. Also, humans have different identities, which would make the study of organisational behaviour even more erratic and unpredictable, hence the need for a multidisciplinary approach which borrows ideas from behavioural sciences, management and other disciplines (Singh, 2010 and Knights and Willmott, 2007). For example, an individual can be studied without considering the organization. But because the organization influences and is influenced by the individual, there is also the need to study something about the organization (Knights and Willmott, 2007). Organizations influence more or less the lives of many people. They provide rules and regulations (governments), source of income (workplace), where individuals are raised and trained (schools, universities), among others (Griffin and Moorhead, 2010). We can also have multiple roles in different organizations (consumers, employees, suppliers, students, owners, etc.). For that, the study of organizational behaviour is deemed important. In an organization, there are employment relations, hierarchy, a division of labor, as well as a degree of permanence or continuity (Knights and Willmott, 2007). Knowing what a person’s role would be in an organization would dictate his or her roles, which would more or less be the same with persons of the same rank in the ladder. The formation of small groups within an organization helps in affirming the roles of members within a particular rank. It also has a powerful effect on the morale, attitude, motivation and work performance of the group members (Singh, 2010). Members of a group associate themselves with their group and this shapes their attitude and behaviour with regards to the organisation. The formation of such groups, when fully harnessed by the top management, will provide the necessary workforce that would have highly effective members with high performance goals. Thus, the participation in such organisations by individuals with different roles would help in d eveloping and confirming their sense of identity within the group (Knights and Willmott, 2007, and Singh, 2010). In an organizational setting, many cultures and ideas are often taught to all, if not most members. For example, a culture of autonomy implemented in a certain workplace could give a sense of empowerment for their employees since they experience a sense of discretion or freedom

Does The Use of Technology Effect's Young Literacy Learners, In A Research Paper

Does The Use of Technology Effect's Young Literacy Learners, In A Positive Or Negative Way - Research Paper Example These aids are meant to both integrate education with the world around as well as to provide a more seamless means whereby the educator can attempt to integrate the lesson plan with the student. On the whole, most educators and analysts have accepted such a practice as something of a necessary means whereby education mirrors the societal changes that take place. However, the broader question which should be asked is whether or not these technological aspects of the educational process actually aid and assist the impartation of knowledge to the student, whether they affect little to no change, or whether they actually have a negative impact on the way in which literacy learners learn and apply the information that is sought to be imparted to them via the educator. As a means of understanding the aforementioned research questions, this analysis will seek to lay out a framework of comparison whereby the preceding questions can be analyzed, weighed against existing and prior research, an d determined based on the analytical levels of inference that this author is able to provide. Furthermore, a critique and analysis of the existing policies, structures, and rules that have thus far defined the process of education with respect to the means by which technology has been actively implemented will also be analyzed. According to Ritzhaupt, technology itself should never be considered as a type of educator unto its own (Ritzhaupt et al 2012). Rather, the view put forward by these authors state that it is the teacher who remains the ultimate repository of knowledge who is merely using existing and emergent forms of technology to nuance the particular message or delivery on a given range of subject matter that he/she is attempting to impart. This approach is of course somewhat intuitive; however, it is one that is oftentimes forgotten within the current education model as a drive to provide greater and higher degrees of technology to assist teachers in the development and s uccess of their literacy learners has become something of a trend in both education and governance. In this way, the given authors put forward the idea that rather than relying on the technology alone as a type of alternative to primary instruction, the student and the teacher should both use technology as a type of supplemental means whereby the rich and flexible medium that it provides can be used to the benefit of all involved. Furthermore, authors such as (Kurt 2012) provide demonstrable statistics that go to show that a litany of studies have proven that regardless of the level of overall technology exhibited in a given classroom, it is readily understood through verifiable and measurable data that the level of learning and understanding that is imparted in a classroom which relies almost exclusively on technology is no higher than that which takes place in a classroom that employs but a small amount of technology as a determinant part of the teaching function. This is of

Women in general management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women in general management - Essay Example   The Goodpaster article tries to outline some of the ethical issues that general managers confront in their location and the organizations. The issue of affirmative action is very common with many Managers, and this leaves them in an awkward position due to pressure emanating from within and outside the organization. Because of this, the article notes that managers need a more orderly way of thinking through the moral implications of policy decision. The above mission statement shows that women are capable of delivering given the favourable atmosphere. However, many societies and corporate environment don’t allow women to scale higher because of the negative perception of, â€Å"they can’t do." This has for over the decades subordinated the position of women in the corporate environment and gave men the chance to enjoy the opportunities. A good manager is one who weighs the available options and bases the actions on the policies that the organization has set. Simila rly, the actions that a manager resorts to must comply with the set laws such as ensuring affirmative action and implementing where it is due. Doing this will ensure that the decision passed by the general manager respects the rights of others, keeps promises and contracts, obeys laws, are fair and prevents harming others.Additionally, general managers can ensure they overcome the dilemma that makes them discriminate against women in leadership by following the three avenues of critical thinking as discussed in Goodpaster article.   

Compare-and-Contrast Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Compare-and-Contrast Research Paper Essay Introduction Present essay seeks to provide the comparative analysis of two artworks – Hoffmann’s Boston Twilight, 1957, belonging to Proto-Abstract Expressionism and Rauschenberg’s Retroactive 1, 1964, which may be attributed to the art movement of Pop-Art. The comparative analysis of these paintings will focus on two crucial aspects – structural and positive. Structural analysis addresses cultural, historical context, which influenced the discussed artworks, political climate, art movements’ stylistic characteristics, which informed individual work of artists, their subjective motives, influences and inclinations. Secondly, positive analysis of the artworks focuses on the themes depicted, colors and techniques used, formal and stylistic elements, the reflection of cultural and historical context in the artworks etc. The thesis, present paper defends, may be formulated as follows: Hoffmann’s and Rauschenberg’s artworks were significantly influenced by historical, cultural, social and artistic context. The artistic response to these contexts was different and reflected through opposite art movements. The discussed images belong to different artistic traditions and, hence have many differences. Similarities, however, may be attributed to the similar artistic influences, and utilization of sometimes similar formal and color techniques of composition. Structural context: art movements, history, politics and subjective perspectives. The general socio-economic and historical context of both artworks (as they were created very close in time – 1957 and 1964) may be characterized by the gradual assault of mass consumption postmodernist society, which influenced the rapid development of popular culture in music, entertainment and cinema. Commoditization has reached almost every sphere of social life and closely approached art through mass media. The increasing role of mass culture was immediately seen in the new sphere of advertisement, which conflated the elements of ‘high and low’ culture, which became central to the new postmodernist cultural logic (Jameson, 59). Political situation in the United States and Europe was characterized by the intensification of resistance and leftist movements, which, however, abandoned communist platform and focused on new postmodernist tactics, such as situationism, counter-culturalism, influenced by new discoveries in psychoanalysis, philosophy etc. Politics also became the element of mass culture, as its reproduction was extended from closed couloirs of high cabinets to ordinary population. The response of art movements to the assault of the postindustrial society was irregular and significantly varied from one art movement to another. The dominance of non-objective abstraction in 1940s and 50s was the response to vulgarization of social life, and the manifest of the absence of valuable objective themes in de-humanized world. Abstractionism, hence was an artistic expression of de-humanization and the search for lost subjectivity (Herskovic, 13-17). However, other extremes also came to existence. That is particularly true of the Pop-Art, which positively responded to the modern developments in economy and culture, synthesizing popular culture in the new form of art. Pop-Art was characterized by ‘externalization’ of art, as the objects of ordinary life and advertisement were widely utilized. The later was particularly evident in the works of Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein and James Rosenquist. The similar response to changing conditions in society was made by photorealism, which exemplifies the assault of hyperrealism as the new form of cultural affirmation. Such elements of modern society as standardization, de-subjectivization was immediately seen in Pop-Art , which appeared as the resistance to self-revelation, artistic creativity and originality and focuses on the widely acknowledge cultural codes and images (Harrison 2001) . Robert Rauschenberg’s and Hans Hoffmann’s artistic trajectories were significantly influenced by the discussed developments in politics and ideology. Rauschenberg was, for instance, one of the forerunners of pop-art movement, as he was among the first to use hand-made or found objects in his artworks, combining the elements of high and low culture, using mass-media sources etc (Livingstone, 1990). Such experiments were influenced by Rauschenberg’s strong belief that the genuine artwork should exist between art and life. The technique of ‘combines’ used by Rauschenberg may be described as immediate precursor to postmodernist collage, used in installation art. Rauschenberg’s mindset position deeply opposed Abstract Expressionism’s argument that the self may be expressed through art. Instead, Rauschenberg focused on representation of reality in its absence of structure, sense and single interpretation. Abstract-Expressionism, which was influenced by Hans Hoffman, in contrast focused on gesture paintings and color field painting techniques. Abstract Expressionism should be understood as a historical consequence of the conflation between European and American artists due to World War 2, which forced may French, German and other artists to immigrate in the United States. Hans Hoffmann belongs to this group of artists and his destiny significantly influenced his style and ideological orientations (Herskovic, 2003). Hoffman’s style was influenced by cubist tension between depth and surface, expressionistic flamboyance of color and surrealist technique of automatism, which is based on following subconscious drivers of creativity and libidinal forces. The latter influences were synthesized by Hoffmann in his ‘push-pull’ method, which included the use of expressive colors and paint slashes in the view of creating contradiction between cool and warm colors. Comparative analysis of Hoffmann’s and Rauschenberg’s artworks Both artworks are obviously affected by different artistic movements and styles. Hoffmann’s composition may be posited within abstract expressionism tradition, while Rauschenberg’s painting belongs to Pop-Art movement. On the surface level the similarities between these artistic may be traced in the color usage – in each painting we see the utilization of yellow, green, black, white, red, white and blue colors. Moreover, the presence of grid-like rectangular layout is evident. Apart from this, both paintings are characterized by the sense of distortion. The distortion in Hoffmann’s artwork Boston Twilight is due to the use of abstract expressionist style, which distorts the contours of objective reality, so that we can not find correspondence between the image and reality (Boston Twilight) that it signifies. However, in Rauschenberg’s composition the distortion is reflected in the plurality of meaning and signification. The interpretation is difficult to realize due to the combination of images inserted in the painting: J. F. Kennedy at the center, pointing with his finger, cosmonaut with parachute, the duplication of Kennedy’s hand in the right corner and evidently abstract images in other parts. There is no denying the importance of the fact, that such a ‘combine’ creates difficulties for interpretation and distorts it. Furthermore, it should be pointed to the fact that both artworks have the elements of abstraction, contrasting color tones and are influenced by Cubism in using facets of the color. Both paintings create the feeling of collage and it was noted that Rauschenberg’s ‘combine’ technique is very close to it. Moreover, creating certain color relationships is in important in both images, however, it serves different functions, depending on style and thematic unity. Differences between images are evident in many respects. First of all, art schools are opposite with pop-art, focusing on unification of art and reality, and abstract expressionism, focusing on expressing contradictory being of individual self. Hoffman’s painting is abstract in essence, while Rauschenberg’s refers to widely known political and social images of American President, cosmonaut, which immediately signify objective reality. The social and political thematic of Rauschenberg’s image immediately points to his belonging to Pop-Art tradition. As far as formal and color structure of the analyzed paintings are concerned blue is dominant in Rauschenberg’s image, while green is dominant in Hoffman’s paintings; the first artist uses vertical stress, while Hoffmann is evidently using horizontal stress. Due to stylistic differences between artworjs, colors mix into one another in Hoffmann’s painting and are separated in Rauschenberg’s one. Rauschenberg utilizes much more contrast, than Hoffmann, however the image of the latter is much more organic in contrast to geometric structure of Rauschenberg’s composition. Conclusion To sum it up, present analysis proved the initial thesis that both artworks were significantly influenced by historical, social and cultural developments in Western societies in the middle of 20-th century. These developments provoked different responses on the part of art movements, resulting in creation of different styles and techniques. The latter are reflected in Hoffmann’s and Rauschenberg’s compositions, which are different in many important stylistic respects, however, have much in common due to the same artistic influences. My interest to the discussed paintings is explained by the fact that they are picturesque representations of Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art. Main features, peculiar to each of these styles, may be found in these paintings both in complex and in separate elements. The techniques used by both artists help us better understand other artworks created in these traditions and inform our own artistic endeavors. Hoffman’s image advantage is in its direct appeal to aesthetic taste and sensibility, while Rauschenberg artwork represents a challenge for viewers in terms of interpreting its political and social content. Works Cited Herskovic, Marika. American Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s An Illustrated Survey, New York School Press, 2003. Harrison, Sylvia. Pop Art and the Origins of Post-Modernism. Cambridge University Press, 2001. Jameson, Fredric. ‘Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism’. New Left Review, 146, (53-92), 1991. Livingstone, M. Pop Art: A Continuing History, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , 1990